Definition:
We can say a system as orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to plan to achieve a specific goal. Each component is a part of total system and has to do its own work for the system to achieve the desired goal.
Similarly an information system is an arrangement of people, data, processes information presentation and information technology that interacts to support and improve day to day operation in a business as well as support the problem solving and decision making needs of management.
A system carries following characteristics:∙
Organization: implying structure and order.
∙ Interaction :refers procedure in which in which each component functions with other units.
∙ Interdependence:means that one component of the system depending on others.
∙ Integration: saying how a system is tied together. it is more than just sharing a physical part.
∙ Central objective: is quite common that an organization may set one objective and operative together to achieve together. Since it is a common goal for all the units or components so all the users or units have to be aware about this.
Types:
1) Transaction Information System:
A transaction processing system is a type of information system. TPSs collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system by using four major units namely input, storage, processing and output.
It has several advantages:
.RApid response.more reliable.Inflexibility.controlled processingFor example,airline reservation system
2)Management Information system (MIS):Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes. MIS is a peopleoriented field with an emphasis on service through technology.
It has numerous advantages,
1. Improves personal efficiency
2. Expedites problem solving(speed up the progress of problems solving in an organization)
3. Facilitates interpersonal communication
4. Promotes learning or training
5. Increases organizational control
6. Helps automate the Managerial processes.
for example, the MIS used by different Hotels.A decision support system (DSS) is a computer based information system that supports business organizational decision making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance.
3)Decision support system:-
it can have advantages like:
1. Improves personal efficiency
2. Speed up the process of decision making
3. Increases organizational control
4. Encourages exploration and discovery on the part of the decision maker
5. Speeds up problem solving in an organization
6. Generates new evidence in support of a decision
For example, clinical decision support system in Medical colleges.
4)Executive Information system:In executive information system (EIS) is a type of management information system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization. It is commonly considered as a specialized form of decision support system. The main emphasis is given on graphical displays and easy user interfaces.
It can be with several advantages.
- Easy for upperlevel
- Provides timely delivery of company summary information
- Information that is provided is better understood
- EIS provides timely delivery of information. Management can make
- decisions more promptly.
- Improves tracking information
for example, EIS at Manufacturing ,EIS at Marketing etc
executives to use, extensive computer experience is not required in operations